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English Translation

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English Translation sample:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

English Speaking countries

Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Belize, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the British Virgin Islands, Canada, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Guyana, Ireland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jersey, Montserrat, Nauru, New Zealand, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, the Turks and Caicos Islands, the United Kingdom, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the United States.

Business English phrases

Basics
Time
Telephone
Food

Business Etiquette

Courtesy and a degree of formality are the most important aspects.

Meeting

Handshake is standard, similiar with the rest of Europe. Introductions are formal, using Señor (Mr), Señora (Mrs) or Señorita (Miss) followed by their surname. Some people are addressed using their professional titles; Profesor may be used with teachers and engineers are referred to as Ingeniero.

Dress is often smart fashionable, whether formal or casual and they expect and are comfortable amongst those equally dressed. General appearance, like many Mediterranean countries is important.

The expansive body language of a Spaniard should not be misunderstood or mistaken for anger.

Humour is greatly appreciated, but sarcasm and irony, like many parts of Southern Europe are not understood at all, so don't use them.

Being interupted in conversation should be expected and should not be taken as an offence.

Queue-jumping is not a 'crime' in Spain. Straight queues are rare and one often asks who is the last one in the queue.

Eating

A tip of 5% in restaurants and 10% in taxis will be appreciated.

Meals in Spain (for coffee, lunch, tapas, dinner) are the perfect occasion for establishing personal relationships and rapport with your business partners.

During a meal, you should make an effort to eat everything, as it is considered rude to dump food.

You should only accept a refill if you are confident that you can finish it.

If you fancy a draught of beer, you should ask for a "caña" (small) or "tubo" (300ml). Simply asking for beer ("cerveza") will bring you a much more expensive bottle.

If you are up to drinking spirits, you should know that Spanish measures are usually extremely generous.

Business

Spain is one of the least punctual countries in the whole Europe. Be prepared to keep waiting for some 15-30 minutes.

Most offices are generally open Monday to Friday from 9:00 am to 1:30 /2:00 pm (morning) and from 4:30 /5:00 pm until about 8:00 pm (afternoon).

Banks and government offices open 9:00 am to 2:00 pm Monday to Friday and may not reopen at all in the afternoon. For Government offices be expected to wait in long queues with all relevant papers. A 'Gestor' someone who sorts out the beurocracy for you can perform these tasks.

The 'Siesta' is from 1pm to 4pm, with most shops closing (except department stores in city centres). This is usually a long lunch although some still nap in the Summer.

Spaniards are very conscious about dressing and will perceive your appearance as an indication of your professional status. Designer clothes and brand names will be noticed with approval.

Personal contacts are vital for all business success in Spain.

Standard English translation

Written English in English speaking countries/regions differs very little, so a text in the US can be used in UK, Australia, South Africa, etc...

The two main forms are: British written English and US written English which has very few differances in spelling, with both being used/accepted in all English speaking countries.

Language code: es

Charset: ISO-8859-6

Geographical Location: Spain (Iberian peninsula)

Dialects: Catalan (Catalonia, Eastern Spain), Galician (Galicia, North-Western Spain).

Native speakers: 330 million people in 21 countries.

US English

US English is the most Written English in English speaking countries/regions differs very little, so a text in the US can be used in UK, Australia, South Africa, etc...

Map of England Farsi uses a modified Arabic alphabet. Like Arabic, it is written from right to left.

Dialects of Spanish in Spain:

Catalan (Catalonia)
Galician (Galicia)
Basque(Basque country)

Iranian Flag The map to the left shows Iran, the main Farsi speaking country.

Extensive contact with Arabic in its history led to a large influx of Arab vocabulary. This Farsi (Modern Persian) dialect still contains a large number of Arab terms, most borrowings have been nativised.

When Persia changed its name to Iran

In 1935 the Iranian government requested those countries which it had diplomatic relations with, to call Persia "Iran," which is the name of the country in Persian.

The suggestion for the change came with the advent of Reza Shah, Persia had turned a new leaf in its history and wanted to herald a new era in Iranian history free from British and Russian influences which had crippled the country.

English speaking countries

Northern Hemisphere:

Map of Latin American Spanish

Southern Hemisphere:

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